{"id":572,"date":"2011-04-01T16:17:24","date_gmt":"2011-04-01T14:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/?p=572"},"modified":"2011-05-19T16:31:35","modified_gmt":"2011-05-19T14:31:35","slug":"bilginin-kullanilmasi-ucuncu-kusak-universiteler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/makaleler\/bilginin-kullanilmasi-ucuncu-kusak-universiteler\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilginin Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ku\u015fak \u00dcniversiteler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Tesisat Dergisi Say\u0131 184 &#8211; Nisan 2011<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00dcniversite tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda <strong>\u00fcniversitelerin \u00fc\u00e7 tip <\/strong>alt\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<strong>Birinci ku\u015fak \u00fcniversite Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u00fcniversitesi <\/strong>,<strong>\u0130kinci ku\u015fak \u00fcniversite Humboldt tipi, bilim temelli \u00fcniversite, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olmas\u0131 gereken, hen\u00fcz tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, k\u0131smen uygulanan \u00fcniversite de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak \u00fcniversitedir. <\/strong>Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak \u00fcniversite modeline do\u011fru h\u0131zla yol almaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ise gecis d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dcniversite Sanayi \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/strong>nin hala tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu i\u015fbirli\u011finin istenilen seviyede olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifade edildi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde <strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ku\u015fak \u00dcniversite <\/strong>kavram\u0131n\u0131 iyi anlamak gerekir. <strong>\u00dcniversiteleri ve end\u00fcstriyi de\u011fi\u015fime zorlayan, birbirlerine yakla\u015ft\u0131ran birka\u00e7 neden vard\u0131r<\/strong>. Bunlardan biri, <strong>ara\u015ft\u0131rma maliyetlerinin s\u00fcrekli artmas\u0131 <\/strong>ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n,\u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin bu maliyetleri \u00fcniversitelerinden (Vak\u0131f \u00dcniversiteleri) veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetten (Devlet \u00dcniversiteleri) sa\u011flamakta zorluk \u00e7ekmeleri ve ba\u015fka <strong>finansman se\u00e7enekleri aramalar\u0131<\/strong>d\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n lider \u00fcniversiteleri <strong>teknoloji odakl\u0131 \u015firketlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi <\/strong>olana\u011f\u0131 aram\u0131\u015f ve modeller geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Di\u011fer bir neden, <strong>\u015firketlerin <\/strong>gelecekteki rekabet g\u00fc\u00e7leri i\u00e7in ya\u015famsal \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 <strong>ana ara\u015ft\u0131rma projelerini <\/strong>tamamen kendilerinin y\u00fcr\u00fctmeleri yerine, <strong>y\u00fcksek standartlara sahip \u00fcniversitelerle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmeleridir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, <strong>akademik ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ayr\u0131 olan d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 giderek b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmektedir<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00dcniversite end\u00fcstri yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc neden <strong>k\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/strong>dir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcniversitenin \u00f6\u011frenci al\u0131rken fiili bir <strong>b\u00f6lgesel tekeli <\/strong>vard\u0131. Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rme f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesiyle, \u00fcniversiteler <strong>en iyi \u00f6\u011frenciler <\/strong>i\u00e7in etkin bir \u015fekilde rekabet etme sans\u0131 buldular.\u00a0Akademisyenler de, k\u00fcresel akademik pazarda en iyi kariyer f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015farak, daha gezgin hale geldiler. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6nde gelen <strong>\u00fcniversiteler kadrolar\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel pazara y\u00f6nlendiler<\/strong>.\u00a0\u0130leti\u015fim olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, ulusal\/uluslararas\u0131 yolculuklar\u0131n rahat ve ucuz yap\u0131labilmesi, \u015firketlerin\u00a0ara\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetlerini farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki\/\u015fehirlerdeki \u00fcniversitelere y\u00f6nlendirmelerine, <strong>k\u00fcresel pazara y\u00f6nelmelerine <\/strong>neden oldu.\u00a0\u00dcniversiteler; <strong>en iyi \u00f6\u011frenciler, en iyi akademisyenler, en iyi ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri <\/strong>i\u00e7in rekabet etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bunun sonucu olarak, \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversiteler ile di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda seviye fark\u0131 giderek a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131lmaya devam etmekte.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndaki olumlu geli\u015fmeler <\/strong>de \u00fcniversitelerde <strong>k\u00f6kl\u00fc yap\u0131lanma de\u011fi\u015fimlerine <\/strong>neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bilim temelli, ikinci ku\u015fak \u00fcniversiteler d\u00f6neminde h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u00fcniversitelerin bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi, bilimsel \u00f6\u011fretim yapmas\u0131yla yetinirlerdi. Oysa \u015fimdi \u00f6zellikle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki <strong>h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u00fcniversiteleri <\/strong>firmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek, bilim ve teknoloji temelli yeni ticari etkinliklerin <strong>kulu\u00e7ka merkezleri olarak g\u00f6rmektedirler<\/strong>. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile <strong>h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u00fcniversitelerden, yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131nda etkin bir rol oynamalar\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>ve b\u00f6ylesi etkinlikleri destekleyecek <strong>fonlar yaratmalar\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>veya <strong>yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>istiyorlar. Bu \u015fekilde <strong>\u00fcniversitelerin bilgi temelli ekonomide, ekonomik geli\u015fmenin belirgin ara\u00e7lar\u0131 haline gelmelerini <\/strong>bekliyorlar. K\u0131saca, <strong>\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak \u00fcniversitelerin, yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve ticarile\u015ftirilmesini etkin bir \u015fekilde takip etmelerini <\/strong>istiyorlar. MIT, Stanford, Harvard gibi ABD \u00fcniversiteleri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Cambridge, Leuwen Katolik \u00fcniversiteleri gibi Avrupa \u00fcniversiteleri bu konuda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmektedirler. Bu t\u00fcr \u00fcniversitelerde, <strong>bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131, tekno\u00f6nc\u00fclerin yani kendi teknoloji temelli firmalar\u0131n\u0131 kuran \u00f6\u011frenci veya akademisyenlerin te\u015fvik edilmeleri esas\u0131na dayanan e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim <\/strong>yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci ku\u015fak \u00fcniversitelerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7o\u011funlukla tek bir disiplin ekseninde idi. Bug\u00fcn ise bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 <strong>disiplinler aras\u0131 ekip<\/strong>lerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<strong>Tek disiplin ekseni d\u00f6neminde kusursuz \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imi olan fak\u00fclteler bug\u00fcn birer engel te\u015fkil eden birimlerdir. <\/strong>\u00dcniversiteler bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6reviyle ilgili olarak sorumluluklar belirlemek zorunlulu\u011funda olup, <strong>s\u00fcrekli kendilerini yenilemek, sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapmak <\/strong>durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Son 40-50 y\u0131lda \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131ndaki patlama, e\u011fitim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u00fcniversiteleri b\u00fcrokratikle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir<\/strong>.G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde se\u00e7kin \u00fcniversiteler, \u00f6rgencileri ve akademisyenleri i\u00e7in <strong>\u00f6zel dersler tasarlayarak<\/strong>, bilimsel e\u011fitimin seviyesini y\u00fckseltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. NASA, CERN, ESA gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmet destekli <strong>ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma <\/strong>kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, <strong>akademik ve end\u00fcstriyel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara rekabet olu\u015ftururken <\/strong>ayn\u0131 zamanda bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n <strong>Ar-Ge etkinliklerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcniversitelere ve \u015firketlere havale etmesi, rekabet\u00e7i teklifler temelinde f\u0131rsat yaratt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dcniversiteler, <strong>yeni giri\u015fimci etkinliklerin be\u015fi\u011fi <\/strong>olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcklerinden, geleneksel olan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve e\u011fitim faaliyetlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, <strong>bilginin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>da <strong>hedefleri i\u00e7ine ald\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak \u00fcniversiteler resmi mevzuata daha az ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmak zorundad\u0131r<\/strong>. Bu nedenle, devlet fonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcniversitelere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda, <strong>e\u011fitim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 finanse eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurullar<\/strong>dan yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu nokta devletin \u00fcniversiteleri desteklemeye son verece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. <strong>\u00dcniversiteler en y\u00fcksek kar\u0131n elde edilece\u011fi ticari bir \u015firket de\u011fildir. \u00dcniversiteler<\/strong>, <strong>yeni bilgi \u00fcreten ve e\u011fitimi, bilgi \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 yapan kurulu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00dcniversiteler, \u00fcrettikleri bilgiyi ticarile\u015ftirerek gelir sa\u011flayan ve bu gelir ile s\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015fen \u00fclke ekonomisine katk\u0131 yapan kurumlard\u0131r. <\/strong><strong>\u00dcniversite y\u00f6neticilerinin gelece\u011fe giden yolu iyi takip etmeleri <\/strong>ve gerekli de\u011fi\u015fikleri ivedilikle yerine getirmeleri; <strong>\u00fcniversite payda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, teknoloji temelli \u015firketlerin, tekno \u00f6nc\u00fcler ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n <\/strong>de\u011fi\u015fen \u00fcniversite ba\u011flam\u0131nda <strong>rollerini iyi anlamalar\u0131 <\/strong>\u00fcmidiyle\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tesisat Dergisi Say\u0131 184 &#8211; Nisan 2011 \u00dcniversite tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcniversitelerin \u00fc\u00e7 tip alt\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.Birinci ku\u015fak \u00fcniversite Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u00fcniversitesi ,\u0130kinci ku\u015fak \u00fcniversite Humboldt tipi, bilim temelli \u00fcniversite, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olmas\u0131 gereken, hen\u00fcz tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, k\u0131smen uygulanan \u00fcniversite de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak \u00fcniversitedir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ku\u015fak \u00fcniversite modeline do\u011fru h\u0131zla yol almaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ise gecis [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/75"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=572"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":573,"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/572\/revisions\/573"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.suntekinternational.com\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}